現階段，我國越來(lái)越重視對森林資源進(jìn)行價(jià)值評估，關(guān)于林業(yè)產(chǎn)權制度的改革創(chuàng )新也在不斷深入，我國森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)正在快速發(fā)展壯大。但是，這一行業(yè)發(fā)展還不夠成熟，在制度管理以及實(shí)際資產(chǎn)評估方面還存在缺陷，嚴重阻礙了行業(yè)持續健康發(fā)展。

　　At present, China is paying more and more attention to the value assessment of forest resources, and the reform and innovation of forestry property rights system is also constantly deepening. The forest resource asset assessment industry in China is rapidly developing and growing. However, the development of this industry is not yet mature enough, and there are still deficiencies in institutional management and actual asset evaluation, which seriously hinder the sustainable and healthy development of the industry.

　　為了保障我國森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的有序發(fā)展，實(shí)現行業(yè)成熟穩定，就要解決森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)現階段面臨的問(wèn)題，創(chuàng )新森林資源資產(chǎn)評估模式與體系。

　　In order to ensure the orderly development of China's forest resource asset evaluation industry and achieve industry maturity and stability, it is necessary to solve the problems currently faced by the forest resource asset evaluation industry and innovate the forest resource asset evaluation model and system.

　　目前，在世界發(fā)展進(jìn)程中，森林資源已經(jīng)可以作為一種有形的資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行價(jià)值評估。森林發(fā)展節奏過(guò)快、行業(yè)規模不斷擴增導致森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)在發(fā)展過(guò)程中暴露出許多問(wèn)題，對整個(gè)行業(yè)的成熟健康發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了阻礙作用 。

　　At present, in the process of global development, forest resources can be valued as a tangible asset. The rapid pace of forest development and the continuous expansion of industry scale have exposed many problems in the development process of the forest resource asset evaluation industry, which has hindered the mature and healthy development of the entire industry.

　　基于此，分析森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的現狀以及存在的問(wèn)題， 探究應對這些主要問(wèn)題的解決措施，謀求行業(yè)的穩定與向好發(fā)展。

　　Based on this, analyze the current situation and existing problems of the forest resource asset evaluation industry, explore solutions to these main problems, and seek stability and positive development of the industry.

　　1.森林資源資產(chǎn)評估定義

　　1. Definition of Forest Resource Asset Assessment

　　森林資源從廣義上來(lái)講主要是指林地以及生長(cháng)依附于其上的以林木資源為主的森林生態(tài)系統中的物質(zhì)，包含范圍較廣，有森林植物、動(dòng)物以及其他環(huán)境因素等；

　　Forest resources, in a broad sense, mainly refer to the materials in forest land and the forest ecosystem dominated by forest resources that grow and depend on it, including a wide range of forest plants, animals, and other environmental factors; ?

　　從狹義上來(lái)講， 其主要是指以喬木資源為主的樹(shù)木資源。在陸地生態(tài)系統中，森林資源作為一種非常重要的可再生資源，對人們的日常生活、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)以及社會(huì )發(fā)展等?都產(chǎn)生了一定影響，是幫助社會(huì )實(shí)現可持續發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)前提。

　　Narrowly speaking, it mainly refers to tree resources dominated by trees. In terrestrial ecosystems, forest resources, as a very important renewable resource, have a certain impact on people's daily lives, production and operation, and social development, and are an important material prerequisite for helping society achieve sustainable development.

　　除此之外，森林資源的作用不僅表現在其林木資源以及物產(chǎn)方面，還包括其對于環(huán)境資源的利用與保護，如森林能夠保持水土、涵養水源、凈化空氣以及實(shí)現生態(tài)平衡等。

　　In addition, the role of forest resources is not only reflected in their forest resources and products, but also in their utilization and protection of environmental resources, such as maintaining soil and water, conserving water sources, purifying air, and achieving ecological balance.

　　森林資源資產(chǎn)主要是指能夠利用現階段的經(jīng)驗和科學(xué)技術(shù)手段進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)利用，并且能夠為產(chǎn)權所有者帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟效益的森林資源 。

　　Forest resource assets mainly refer to forest resources that can be developed and utilized using current experience and scientific and technological means, and can bring economic benefits to property owners.

　　森林資源資產(chǎn)根據形態(tài)特征可以分為林地資產(chǎn)、森林環(huán)境資產(chǎn)、林木資產(chǎn)以及森林經(jīng)管資產(chǎn)等；

　　Forest resource assets can be divided into forest land assets, forest environmental assets, forest tree assets, and forest management assets based on their morphological characteristics;

　　若是根據其進(jìn)行經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的模式進(jìn)行劃分，可以分為公益性資產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營(yíng)性資產(chǎn)。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，公益性森林資源資產(chǎn)主要是指防護林，而經(jīng)營(yíng)性森林資源資產(chǎn)指材林、薪炭林以及竹林等。

　　If classified according to its business management mode, it can be divided into public welfare assets and operational assets. For example, public welfare forest resource assets mainly refer to protective forests, while operational forest resource assets refer to timber forests, firewood forests, and bamboo forests.

　　和其他類(lèi)型的資產(chǎn)相比，森林資源資產(chǎn)主要具備 3 個(gè)基本特征。

　　Compared with other types of assets, forest resource assets mainly have three basic characteristics.

　　1 )資產(chǎn)是在人力資源以及自然因素共同影響下而形成的。

　　Assets are formed under the joint influence of human resources and natural factors.

　　2)森林資源資產(chǎn)可以再生并持續利用，森林資源中主要以生物資源為主，而大多數的生物資源都具備再生能力，但是若森林生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞，那么森林資源資產(chǎn)的再生性也會(huì )遭受破壞。

　　2) Forest resource assets can be regenerated and sustainably utilized, with biological resources being the main component. Most biological resources have the ability to regenerate, but if the forest ecological environment is damaged, the regenerability of forest resource assets will also be compromised.

　　3)在人為因素與?自然環(huán)境因素的共同作用下，森林資源資產(chǎn)呈現多樣化發(fā)展，并且只要生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式科學(xué)合理，森林資源的經(jīng)營(yíng)周期可達數百年之久，在其經(jīng)營(yíng)長(cháng)周期內采取多方面的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式，可以充分發(fā)揮出森林資源資產(chǎn)在經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)、社會(huì )發(fā)展以及生態(tài)保護方面的促進(jìn)作用。

　　3) Under the joint action of human factors and natural environmental factors, forest resource assets exhibit diversified development, and as long as the production and operation mode is scientific and reasonable, the management cycle of forest resources can last for hundreds of years. Adopting various management methods during its long management cycle can fully play the promoting role of forest resource assets in economic growth, social development, and ecological protection.

　　2.進(jìn)行森林資源資產(chǎn)評估的重要性

　　The importance of conducting forest resource asset assessment

　　現階段，我國社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟建設正在穩步推進(jìn)，為了加快我國經(jīng)濟建設發(fā)展，集體林權制度不斷改革。

　　At present, the construction of socialist market economy in China is steadily advancing. In order to accelerate the development of China's economic construction, the collective forest tenure system is constantly being reformed.

　　在此背景下，森林資源資產(chǎn)向著(zhù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化方向發(fā)展，所以對于森林資源的資產(chǎn)評估也越來(lái)越重視。對于森林資源資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行評估能夠推動(dòng)整個(gè)森林產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)林業(yè)市場(chǎng)成熟穩定。

　　In this context, forest resource assets are developing towards industrialization, so the asset evaluation of forest resources is becoming increasingly important. Evaluating forest resource assets can promote the development of the entire forest industry and promote the maturity and stability of the forestry market.

　　3.森林資源資產(chǎn)評估存在的問(wèn)題

　　3. Problems in forest resource asset assessment

　　3.1森林資源資產(chǎn)管理模式不符合行業(yè)發(fā)展規模

　　3.1 Forest resource asset management model not in line with industry development scale

　　我國森林資源存在特殊性，因此無(wú)論是從理論定義還是實(shí)踐應用方面來(lái)說(shuō)，現階段的森林資源資產(chǎn)管理模式都不完全符合我國社會(huì )經(jīng)濟發(fā)展要求，森林資源管理本身也沒(méi)有制定科學(xué)合理的制度進(jìn)行分類(lèi)管理，公益林與經(jīng)營(yíng)林發(fā)展不平衡，經(jīng)營(yíng)者和種植戶(hù)都不能按照市場(chǎng)發(fā)展方向來(lái)進(jìn)行森林資源經(jīng)營(yíng)。隨著(zhù)我國社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟不斷發(fā)展，森林資源市場(chǎng)實(shí)現了長(cháng)足進(jìn)步，林業(yè)管理不斷完善，通過(guò)各種方式進(jìn)行的資金籌集也保證了森林資源資產(chǎn)發(fā)展的資金基礎，整個(gè)森林產(chǎn)業(yè)都實(shí)現了繁榮發(fā)展。

　　The forest resources in our country have special characteristics. Therefore, both in terms of theoretical definition and practical application, the current forest resource asset management model does not fully meet the requirements of China's social and economic development. Forest resource management itself has not formulated a scientific and reasonable system for classified management. The development of public welfare forests and managed forests is unbalanced, and operators and growers cannot carry out forest resource management according to the direction of market development. With the continuous development of China's socialist market economy, the forest resource market has made significant progress, forestry management has been continuously improved, and various forms of fundraising have ensured the financial foundation for the development of forest resource assets. The entire forest industry has achieved prosperous development.

　　所以，森林資產(chǎn)評估發(fā)展服務(wù)對象不再只有國家和政府，其面向對象變?yōu)樗械牧謽I(yè)產(chǎn)權所有者，傳統的森林資源管理模式已經(jīng)不能適應林業(yè)發(fā)展的具體要求。

　　Therefore, the service target of forest asset assessment development is no longer only the state and government, but also all forestry property owners. The traditional forest resource management model can no longer meet the specific requirements of forestry development.

　　3.2?缺乏健全完善的森林資源資產(chǎn)評估制度體系

　　3.2 Lack of a sound and comprehensive forest resource asset evaluation system

　　隨著(zhù)森林資源資產(chǎn)評估越來(lái)越受到重視，我國出臺了有關(guān)森林資源資產(chǎn)評估的政策與法律，但是在實(shí)際應用實(shí)踐中仍然存在較多問(wèn)題。

　　With the increasing emphasis on forest resource asset assessment, China has introduced policies and laws related to forest resource asset assessment. However, there are still many problems in practical application.

　　目前，我國雖然制定實(shí)施了針對森林資產(chǎn)資源評估管理的法律制度，但是相關(guān)制度仍不健全，并沒(méi)有形成完整的管理體系。由于沒(méi)有完善的法律制度的約束，森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)呈現出不健康的發(fā)展態(tài)勢，非常不利于我國社會(huì )主義經(jīng)濟發(fā)展建設。

　　At present, although China has formulated and implemented legal systems for the assessment and management of forest asset resources, the relevant systems are still not sound and have not formed a complete management system. Due to the lack of a sound legal system, the forest resource asset evaluation industry is showing an unhealthy development trend, which is very detrimental to the development and construction of China's socialist economy.

　　3.3森林資源資產(chǎn)評估管理部門(mén)以及專(zhuān)業(yè)人才缺失

　　3.3 Lack of Forest Resource Asset Assessment and Management Departments and Professional Talents

　　我國相關(guān)政策明確提出，對于森林資源評估工作的管理需要由財政部以及林業(yè)部協(xié)同進(jìn)行，但是在實(shí)際管理工作中發(fā)現，部門(mén)之間存在配合不默契的現象。比如有的部門(mén)過(guò)于重視利益，在進(jìn)行評估時(shí)指定專(zhuān)門(mén)的評估機構，評估結果缺乏科學(xué)性。不同省市或不同地區之間在進(jìn)行評估收費時(shí)制定的標準不統一，有的地區還存在雙重收費或者不正當交易的現象。這些情況均對我國森林資源資產(chǎn)評估帶來(lái)不利影響。

　　The relevant policies in our country clearly state that the management of forest resource assessment work needs to be coordinated by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Forestry. However, in actual management work, it has been found that there is a lack of coordination between departments. For example, some departments place too much emphasis on interests and designate specialized evaluation agencies when conducting assessments, resulting in a lack of scientific evaluation results. The standards for evaluating fees are not uniform among different provinces, cities, or regions, and there are also cases of double fees or unfair transactions in some areas. These situations have a negative impact on the assessment of forest resource assets in China.

　　森林資源本身較為特殊，因此需要林業(yè)專(zhuān)家對其進(jìn)行評估。但是我國目前缺乏森林資源評估行業(yè)的專(zhuān)家，?并且現有專(zhuān)家對于評估標準意見(jiàn)不一致，專(zhuān)業(yè)資格考試以及培訓也缺乏制度保障。除此之外我國對于森林資源資產(chǎn)評估專(zhuān)家的管理體系不夠完善，沒(méi)有充分發(fā)揮出評估行業(yè)的自我管理作用。

　　Forest resources themselves are quite unique, therefore requiring forestry experts to evaluate them. However, there is currently a lack of experts in the forest resource assessment industry in our country, and existing experts have inconsistent opinions on assessment standards. Professional qualification exams and training also lack institutional guarantees. In addition, China's management system for forest resource asset evaluation experts is not yet perfect, and the self-management role of the evaluation industry has not been fully utilized.

　　4.森林資源資產(chǎn)評估存在問(wèn)題的應對措施

　　4. Measures to address issues in forest resource asset assessment

　　4.1加強對森林資源資產(chǎn)評估的認識

　　4.1 Strengthen the understanding of forest resource asset assessment

　　對森林資源進(jìn)行資產(chǎn)化管理是一項比較復雜的工作，需要各方一起努力。

　　Asset management of forest resources is a complex task that requires joint efforts from all parties involved.

　　受傳統森林資源資產(chǎn)行業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式的限制，現階段，解決森林資源資產(chǎn)評估主要問(wèn)題以及改革管理方式方面存在困難。要想對森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)進(jìn)行有效管理，就要先提高全社會(huì )對于森林資源資產(chǎn)評估的認識，通過(guò)多種宣傳方式，使各個(gè)部門(mén)意識到進(jìn)行森林資源資產(chǎn)評估對于現階段我國社會(huì )經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要性，為解決目前管理森林資源資產(chǎn)評估過(guò)程中出現的問(wèn)題打下堅實(shí)基礎。

　　Due to the limitations of the traditional management model of the forest resource asset industry, there are currently difficulties in addressing the main issues of forest resource asset evaluation and reforming management methods. To effectively manage the forest resource asset assessment industry, it is necessary to first raise the awareness of the whole society about forest resource asset assessment. Through various publicity methods, various departments should be made aware of the importance of conducting forest resource asset assessment for the current socio-economic development of China, laying a solid foundation for solving the problems that arise in the process of managing forest resource asset assessment.

　　4.2?改革森林資源資產(chǎn)評估管理體制

　　4.2 Reforming the Forest Resource Asset Evaluation and Management System

　　目前，森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的發(fā)展受到多種因素的制約影響，因此，要想創(chuàng )新改革行業(yè)管理模式體制，就要充分考慮行業(yè)發(fā)展實(shí)際以及我國現階段的國情，在此基礎上建立健全科學(xué)合理的管理制度與體系。

　　At present, the development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry is constrained by various factors. Therefore, in order to innovate and reform the industry management mode and system, it is necessary to fully consider the actual development of the industry and the current national conditions of China, and establish a sound and scientific management system and framework on this basis.

　　從國外先進(jìn)的森林資源資產(chǎn)評估經(jīng)驗中可以看出，社會(huì )中的資產(chǎn)評估機構不能完全實(shí)現自身管理，因此需要政府等部門(mén)的介入 。

　　From the advanced experience of forest resource asset evaluation abroad, it can be seen that asset evaluation institutions in society cannot fully achieve self-management, and therefore require the intervention of government and other departments.

　　但政府在進(jìn)行管理的過(guò)程中，只能發(fā)揮帶頭引導作用，不能過(guò)多干預相關(guān)機構的管理，這是因為由政府進(jìn)行主導的管理模式不適合現階段森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的發(fā)展。

　　However, in the process of management, the government can only play a leading and guiding role and cannot intervene too much in the management of relevant institutions. This is because the management model led by the government is not suitable for the development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry at present.

　　行業(yè)內部的管理部門(mén)應該盡快深化管理體制改革，充分發(fā)揮監督管理的職能，通過(guò)與評估行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì )的共同作用，引導監督行業(yè)內部機構的評估工作，實(shí)現行業(yè)的持續發(fā)展。

　　The management departments within the industry should deepen the reform of the management system as soon as possible, fully play the function of supervision and management, guide the evaluation work of internal institutions in the supervision industry through the joint role with the evaluation industry association, and achieve the sustainable development of the industry.

　　4.3健全法律體系，用制度約束資產(chǎn)評估行為

　　4.3 Establish a sound legal system and use institutional constraints to regulate asset valuation behavior

　　我國有關(guān)部門(mén)應該盡快制定相關(guān)法律制度來(lái)約束規范森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的工作， 制定合理的獎懲制度，提升評估結果的科學(xué)性和合理性。

　　The relevant departments in our country should formulate relevant legal systems as soon as possible to constrain and regulate the work of the forest resource asset evaluation industry, establish a reasonable reward and punishment system, and enhance the scientificity and rationality of the evaluation results.

　　森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的評估調查機構在進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)展時(shí)收取合適的費用作為報酬是合理現象，但是若是收費過(guò)低或過(guò)多都會(huì )對行業(yè)的穩定發(fā)展造成影響。

　　It is reasonable for assessment and investigation agencies in the forest resource asset evaluation industry to charge appropriate fees as compensation when conducting business, but if the fees are too low or too high, it will have an impact on the stable development of the industry.

　　因此，行業(yè)內部需要統一收費標準，制定收費金額時(shí)需要考慮評估前期調查工作的難易、資產(chǎn)評估價(jià)值的大小以及評估風(fēng)險等級等因素，以規范行業(yè)行為，促進(jìn)森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)健康發(fā)展。

　　Therefore, there is a need for a unified fee standard within the industry. When formulating the fee amount, factors such as the difficulty of evaluating preliminary investigation work, the value of asset evaluation, and the level of evaluation risk need to be considered to standardize industry behavior and promote the healthy development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry. ?

　　4.4培訓專(zhuān)業(yè)森林資源資產(chǎn)評估人才

　　4.4 Training professional forest resource asset assessment personnel

　　對于森林資源進(jìn)行資產(chǎn)評估不是一項簡(jiǎn)單的工作，需要專(zhuān)業(yè)人才與專(zhuān)家的參與配合。

　　Evaluating the assets of forest resources is not a simple task and requires the participation and cooperation of professional talents and experts.

　　但是現階段，我國缺乏行業(yè)相關(guān)專(zhuān)家，并且具備專(zhuān)業(yè)素質(zhì)的咨詢(xún)人員也少之又少，不利于森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的持續發(fā)展。

　　However, at present, China lacks industry related experts, and there are also very few consultants with professional qualifications, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the forest resource asset evaluation industry.

　　針對這一問(wèn)題，有關(guān)部門(mén)應該重視培養資產(chǎn)評估專(zhuān)業(yè)人才，加大培訓力度，提升考核標準， 選拔高素質(zhì)的人才。

　　In response to this issue, relevant departments should attach importance to cultivating professionals in asset appraisal, increase training efforts, improve assessment standards, and select high-quality talents.

　　同時(shí)，對于人才采取分級管理模式，對于選拔出來(lái)的專(zhuān)業(yè)人員還要加大后續教育，使其工作能力始終與現階段的社會(huì )發(fā)展需求相適應，以提升森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)的綜合素質(zhì)，實(shí)現行業(yè)持續向好發(fā)展。

　　At the same time, a hierarchical management model should be adopted for talents, and follow-up education should be increased for selected professionals to ensure that their work abilities are always in line with the current social development needs, in order to enhance the comprehensive quality of the forest resource asset evaluation industry and achieve sustained and good development of the industry.

　　5、結語(yǔ)

　　5. Conclusion

　　通過(guò)健全完善森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)法律法規、改革傳統管理模式等方式，對我國森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)加強管理，能夠規范行業(yè)內部行為，引導我國森林資源資產(chǎn)?評估工作科學(xué)發(fā)展。

　　By improving the laws and regulations of the forest resource asset evaluation industry and reforming traditional management models, we can strengthen the management of China's forest resource asset evaluation industry, standardize internal behavior, and guide the scientific development of China's forest resource asset evaluation work.

　　此外，還應有效培養資產(chǎn)評估專(zhuān)業(yè)人才，提升行業(yè)的整體素質(zhì)，促進(jìn)森林資源資產(chǎn)評估行業(yè)健康持續發(fā)展，進(jìn)而促進(jìn)我國社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。

　　In addition, it is necessary to effectively cultivate professionals in asset appraisal, enhance the overall quality of the industry, promote the healthy and sustainable development of the forest resource asset appraisal industry, and thus promote the development of China's socialist market economy.

　　本文由  林業(yè)資產(chǎn)價(jià)格評估  友情奉獻.更多有關(guān)的知識請點(diǎn)擊  http://www.dmyv.cn/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識我們將會(huì )陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

　　This article is dedicated to the evaluation of forestry asset prices For more related knowledge, please click http://www.dmyv.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.